A pronoun is a word that stands in for another noun or noun-phrase. A personal pronoun is one which stands in for a person. Personal pronouns are classified as first-person, second-person, or third person by their relationship to the one speaking.

– 1st Person: The speaker himself/herself and any others he/she chooses to include as part of his/her “group” while speaking is called first person.
– 2nd Person: The person(s) to whom the speaker is speaking is called second person.
– 3rd person: The person(s) about whom the speaker is speaking is called third person.

IMPORTANT NOTE (*):

The word “You” is either singular OR plural depending on context. But the words “Thou/Thee/Thy/Thine” are ALWAYS singular.

• Nominative = Case of the subject.
• Objective = Case of the object/indirect object of the verb or object of a preposition.
• Possessive = Case of possessing or sourcing.

Examples from scripture:

Marvel not that I said unto thee (Nicodemus; singular), Ye (everyone; plural) must be born again.
John 3:7 KJV

31 And the Lord said, Simon, Simon, behold, Satan hath desired to have you (Peter and the other apostles; plural), that he may sift you (Peter and the other apostles; plural) as wheat:
32 But I have prayed for thee (Peter; singular), that thy (Peter; singular) faith fail not: and when thou (Peter; singular) art converted, strengthen thy (Peter; singular) brethren.
Luke 22:31-32 KJV

And the eye cannot say unto the hand, I have no need of thee (hand; singular): nor again the head to the feet, I have no need of you (feet; plural).
1 Corinthians 12:21 KJV

The majority of languages in the world people know whether the speaker is specifically addressing one person or many by the words they use. Also understand that the Hebrew and Greek texts of the scriptures used singular 2nd person personal pronouns. The King James Bible preserves these distinctions throughout the scriptures and provides greater clarity to the context of the scriptures and directly mirrors the original Hebrew and Greek texts.

I pray that you will understand that when the Vatican made versions (NIV, NKJV, ESV, NLT, NASB, etc.) replace “thee, thy, thou, thine, and ye” with the ambiguous word “you” this does NOT clarify, but rather muddies and distorts the accuracy of scripture. May God give us all the understanding of number specific personal pronouns and help us to escape the confusion of the Vatican versions [NIV, NKJV, ESV, NLT, NASB, etc.] (1 Corinthians 14:33).

The endings “-eth”, “-ieth”, or “-ith” are used for third person singular indicative present tense verbs. In modern English “-eth”, “ieth”, or “-ith” are now replaced with “- s”, “-es”, or “-ies” depending on the ending letter(s) of the word.

Example from scripture:

He that goeth (or “goes”) about as a talebearer revealeth (or “reveals”) secrets: therefore meddle not with him that flattereth (or “flatters”) with his lips.
Proverbs 20:19 KJV

“-eth”, “-ieth”, and “-ith” are simpler endings to third person singular indicative present tense verbs because there are only 2 rules:

• “-eth” for most verbs, (“-ith” is a special case for the word “say”, but “say” can be spelled “saith” or “sayeth”, both are correct).
• “-ieth” for verbs ending with a consonant + y (as in the word “supply”).

Compared to the modern 3 forms with 3 rules:

• “-s” for most verbs.
• “-es” for verbs ending with ss, x, z, ch, sh, or o.
• “-ies” for verbs ending with a consonant + y (as in the word “supply”).

The endings “-est” or “-st” are used to form the second person singular indicative present tense endings of some regular and irregular verbs joined with the word “thou” either before or after the word(s). They are also used as a second person singular past tense ending of weak verbs (A weak verb is one that ends in “-ed”, “-d”, or “-t” for its past tense forms. As in the word “keep”; past tense = kept, the word “tell; past tense = told, and the word “walk; past tense = walked). Lastly, “-est” also forms the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs. As in the adjective “coolest” and the adverb “fastest”.

Examples from scripture:

9 All nations whom thou hast made (or “you have made”; past tense) shall come and worship before thee, O Lord; and shall glorify thy name.
10 For thou art great, and doest (or “do”; present tense) wondrous things: thou art God alone.
Psalm 86:9-10 KJV

The same came to Jesus by night, and said unto him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God: for no man can do these miracles that thou doest (or “you do”), except God be with him
John 3:2 KJV

Since the endings “-est” or “-st” can be second person past or present tense and “- est” can be for either a verb, adjective, or adverb it is required to diligently study, meditate on, and pray about the context of scripture to understand the appropriate grammar of the words(s).

The pilcrow mark also called a “paragraph mark” is used to indicate the start of a new paragraph. It comes in many different forms and styles.

So what’s the importance of the pilcrow mark? The importance is, all throughout scripture in many chapters there are different events, ideas, topics, thoughts, etc. happening in the same chapter. And the pilcrow mark(s) is one way that can help us understand the shifts when they happen. Also understand that new chapters usually, but not always start with a new thought, but they are always a new paragraph. So the pilcrow mark is always at verse 1.

For example, in Genesis chapter 10 KJV there are pilcrow marks at verses 1, 6, and 21:

• verses 2-5 are concerning Japheth and his descendants.
• verses 6-20 are concerning Ham and his descendants.
• verses 21-31 are concerning Shem and his descendants.

Also know that some sources may either add and/or subtract pilcrow marks. Therefore, it is required to diligently study, meditate on, and pray about the context of scripture to understand what is happening.

Here is clarification of various archaic words:

• Thither = “there” (adverb).
• Hither = “here” (adverb).
• Whither = “where” (adverb).
• Thus = “so”, “as”, “hence”, “then”, “therefore”, or “wherefore” (adverb).
• Wot = “know” (1st or 2nd person singular present tense; verb).
• Lo = “look”, “see”, or “behold” (Lo is used to call attention to something and/or to express wonder or surprise.) (interjection).
• Alas = “woe” (Since “alas” and “woe” are both used to show an exclamation of sorrow, grief, pity, concern, distress, and/or apprehension of evil and both are interjections, “Alas” can be used interchangeably with “woe”.) (interjection).
• Thence = “that place” (Thence is often accompanied with “from”) (adverb).
• Whilst = “while” (adverb).
• Wont = “accustomed” (adverb).
• Art = “are” (2nd person singular present tense).
• Wast or Wert = “were” (2nd person singular past tense).
• Hitherto = “up to now” or “up to a particular time” (adverb).

Auxiliary verbs:

• Ought = “any thing” or “must” (“Ought” is a weaker form of “must”; as in it expresses duty, need, moral obligation, moral rightness, or appropriateness.) (auxiliary verb).
• Shalt = “shall” (2nd person singular present/future tense).
• Shouldst = “should” (2nd person singular past tense).
• Wilt = “will” (2nd person singular present/future tense).
• Canst = “can” (2nd person singular present tense).
• Oughtest = “must” (2nd person singular present tense).
• Doth = “does” (3rd person singular present tense).
• Dost or Doest = “do” (2nd person singular present tense).
• Didst = “did” (2nd person singular past tense).
• Hath = “has” (3rd person singular present tense).
• Hast = “have” (2nd person singular present tense).
• Hadst = “had” (2nd person singular past tense).

There are many more auxiliary verbs that follow these same patterns in the scriptures, but I am not going to list them all. Just remember that regular and irregular verbs that end in “-est” or “-st” are second person singular past or present tense. Also know that sometimes the word itself is in the word. For example: “sawest” = “saw” and “walkedst” = “walked”.